This report presents the results of multiple data analyses and evidence gathering undertaken by the European Union Energy Poverty Observatory (EPOV), a European Commission (EC) supported initiative to help Member States (MS) in their efforts to combat energy poverty and achieve a just and sustainable energy transition. When EPOV commenced its work in late 2016, the energy poverty challenge was associated with a relatively limited amount of policy and action at the European Union (EU) and MS level. Today, however, energy poverty is explicitly integrated in a number of EU directives and Member State policies, while gradually becoming a part of local government programmes. There is an active polity of practitioners, advocates and researchers committed to addressing the issue.